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Alessandro Lascialfari professor at the University of Pavia and Milan (Italy), where he combines his teaching with research. He is an expert in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and visit us at the University of Zaragoza as a court to participate in the reading of the thesis Ainhoa Urtizberea Lorente, which addresses unresolved issues on the magnetic behavior of nanoparticles iron oxide.
Could you explain briefly what your field of research and its importance to the lives of people?
I have three main lines: one of superconductivity, magnetism and another is on fundamental physical problems, the third, why I am here today is on compounds with applications in medicine.
In the hospitals of the diagnostic tools is the magnetic resonance imaging with taking pictures of internal body parts such as liver or brain. To apply this technique can be used magnetic nanoparticles. When it comes to nanoparticles, we are talking about particles having a size of a billionth of a meter.
These nanoparticles enhance the presence of a pathology. You can see more problems like edema, or ischemic stroke, tumors also. The new idea is the development of new nanoparticles, which have two uses in diagnosis and in therapy. This is part of the collaboration I have with Fernando Palacio (ICMA (CSIC-UZ)).
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The use of road salt and antifreeze is paramount during the winter. However, brings many environmental problems and their use has been banned in several European countries. Under the regional project Vialcyl fluxes are looking for new products based on extensive presence in Castilla and Leon as molasses in the sugar industry, waste from wine or brine and whey from the dairy companies.
As explained by Carlos Garcia and Cristina Pardo, researchers Service R & D + I Collosa Valladolid company that coordinates the study, currently being defined test method and analyzing the capacity and fluxes of these products. The study is part of one of the seven tasks that includes the project, launched in late 2009, in particular, focused on sustainability and life cycle of road infrastructure.
Compared to traditional processes, this area is going to study the potential benefits that involve new methods “as the incorporation of nanomaterials to provide greater benefits to conventional mortar.” For example, plans to add to the exits and entrances to tunnels titanium dioxide nanoparticles to absorb pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx) from exhaust of vehicles.
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In a bold new technological development, a team of researchers is testing a technique to impregnate plastics with compressed CO2. The process could have many applications, from contact lenses Colored door handles resistant bacteria .
CO2 has a wide variety of applications: The chemical industry uses this colorless gas to produce, among other products, fertilizer, methanol (fuel additive), and salicylic acid (an ingredient in aspirin and other drugs).
Subject to special conditions of temperature and pressure, the CO2 goes into a state which gives the gas-like properties of a solvent. In this state, can be introduced into polymers, or act as a “carrier” to be dissolved in it dyes, additives, drugs and other substances.
A team of researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental Technology, Energy and Security (UMSICHT) in Oberhausen, Germany, is proving how you can use carbon dioxide to impregnate plastics.
In tests, the team has even managed Manfred Renner polycarbonate impregnated with nanoparticles that give antibacterial properties. The bacteria E. coli, deposited on the surface of the plastic in the high-pressure laboratory of the institute, died in their entirety. This antibacterial function might be exploited in the door handles, imbuing these with the same nanoparticles.
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It has managed to “watch” the real-time formation of nanoparticles. The achievement is the work of a team of scientists at Argonne National Laboratory, U.S., and the Carnegie Institution in Washington.
The revolutionary technique allows researchers to scrutinize in a remarkably detailed the early stages of the formation of nanoparticles, which have long been a mystery because the only available polling methods unsuitable. The new technique could lead to improved behavior of nanomaterials in applications ranging from solar cells to sensors, to many others.
The shape of nanoparticles and their behavior depends on its architecture, size, structure, texture and chemical properties of its surface. This, in turn, depends greatly on the conditions under which nanoparticles are formed.
Precise control of nanoparticles is difficult. But even more so to reproduce the exact same kinds of nanoparticles from batch to batch, because scientists do not yet know all the conditions that are part of each recipe. Factors such as temperature, pressure, humidity and impurities affect the formation of nanoparticles, and even more factors are discovered.
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The collaboration between a team of researchers from the University of Aveiro, and a team from the Institute of Materials Science of Aragon (CSIC-UNIZAR), helped develop a luminescent nanotermometro with unique properties that allow us to study the biochemistry of micro-thermal processes occurring within the cell. The results of this collaboration have just appeared in Advanced Materials, one of the most prestigious scientific journals in materials science.
The temperature measurement is essential in many scientific and technological developments, which now represents 75% -80% of the sensor market worldwide. In the field of nanoscale was still necessary to develop temperature sensors, since in general the traditional thermometers are not suitable for measuring the temperature of a section of a material of a size less than 10 micrometers (100 times smaller than a millimeter).
Because of this limitation has encouraged the development of new thermometers that do not require direct contact with the material they want to know the temperature and micrometer and nanometer spatial resolution (1 million times smaller than a millimeter).
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A third of humanity around (2 billion people) suffer from iron deficiency, excessive deficiencies may be responsible for anemia.
Enriching the diet with iron compounds is one of the solutions to fight against these gaps. However, the soluble iron compounds, easily assimilated by the body such as iron sulfate FeSO4 alter the taste and color of foods. The compounds poorly soluble in aqueous media without these drawbacks, yet they are not well understood. Researchers at ETH Zurich (ETHZ) and the Veterinary Faculty of the University of Zurich presented a possible alternative through the ingestion of iron nanoparticles.
A flame reactor is used for the synthesis of nanoparticles of a specific surface of 190 m2 / g and two types of nanoparticles of iron oxide and mixed oxide nanoparticles of iron and zinc. These particles are then ingested by rats.
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The professor of bio – photonics and laser technology from the University of Saarland [1 ] , Karsten Konig , has been awarded the Berthold Leibinger Innovation for his work on laser scanners . With this new technology , physicians will be able to detect cancers of the skin without having to remove tissue . They will also measure the effectiveness of anti -aging , the consequences of taking nicotine pills or hormone on the aging of the skin or the risk of sunscreens containing nanoparticles.
The new laser scanner now allows researchers to look inside the cell. In reaching a resolution a thousand times higher than with X- ray machines , it surpasses all its competitors. Physicians and pharmacists can thus analyze the different organelles that constitute the cells, such as mitochondria . Karsten König explains that “many creams alter the skin cells by slowing the aging mechanisms . With the laser scanner , you can check if their products are really effective. ” The unit will also be able to recognize cells of the skin cancer such as melanoma . The researchers are exploiting the difference in fluorescence between normal cells and cancer cells .
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Scientific and technological developments in the field of synthesis and purification of organic or inorganic are as many types of nanoparticles are available today in the field of research. These particles are mostly physical, chemical and biological unpublished and are therefore driving system innovation in the fields of medicine and biology. The characterization of these new materials and their impact on complex biological systems such as living beings are however still one of the major challenges in this field. In recalling the situation that Robert Tanguay has started the presentation he gave last April 13 at the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) based at the University of California, Los Angeles.
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Nanoparticles suspended in the air are so small they can not be detected with the naked eye, but they can very visibly affect weather patterns and human health worldwide, and not in a good way, according to a study by a team of researchers at the University of Texas A & M.
Researchers Lin Wang, Renyi Zhang, Alexei Khalizov, Jun Zheng, Wen Xu, Yan Ma and Vinita Lal, Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Chemistry at the university, warning that the nanoparticles appear to be experiencing rising in many parts of the world, but The cause of this increase remains a mystery.
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In a laboratory at the University at Buffalo (State University of New York), a team of experts are designing nanoparticles of silver to help maintain strong and steady heartbeat. These nanoparticles are part of a new family of materials on which they are working in the laboratory of researcher Esther Takeuchi.
Takeuchi developed a battery that was instrumental in making viable for practical use implantable cardiac defibrillators in the late 1980s. These defibrillators make the heart to regain its normal rhythm when it goes into fibrillation.
Twenty years after that breakthrough, and more than 300,000 of these units being implanted each year, most of them are powered by the battery system designed and improved by Takeuchi and his team. For this work, Takeuchi has been granted over 140 patents, an amount that is believed, is higher than held by any other woman in U.S. history. Last fall, she was among four people honored at a ceremony at the White House with the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.
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