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The Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics of the Prince Felipe Research Center has participated in the first study so far on the genomics of the nucleolus, a substructure that is inside the cell nucleus, and whose failing is involved in pathologies like cancer or certain rare diseases.
The study has identified, mapped and characterized for the first time the 109 chromosomal regions involved in shaping the structure of the nucleolus, which are located a total of 1037 genes of different types. According to Joaquin Dopazo, head of Genomics and Bioinformatics Department CIPF “work is a first step towards a future that whenever a change is detected in this structure, we can see precisely where the problem is and what could be its consequences. ”
This research represents a conceptual shift in the approach to certain pathologies, because instead of focusing on the genes being expressed, is inserted into the structure of DNA and looks at how genes relate between them, and how are within the genome.
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A third human case, the contemporary Neanderthals and modern humans, was identified by the genes contained in the hand bones discovered in Siberia.
Out of Africa ? Yes, mankind has spread from Africa, but when? A fossil dating from about 40,000 years found in Siberia complicates the riddle: the sequencing of genes suggests that it contains belongs to a hominid, which was not a Neanderthal or a modern man.
The fossil comes from the Siberian Altai, and more specifically the Denisova Cave, a large cavity rich in prehistoric artifacts and traces, as it has been occupied for 125 000 years. Johannes Krause and colleagues from the Max-Planck Institute in Leipzig and various European and American universities, have sequenced the full mitochondrial DNA content in one of the few human fossils from the cave Denisova, a single bone belonging a finger.
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Your genes make you a human being … even the genes of your bacteria. Hundreds of species of bacteria share in this moment your life. Welcome to decoding the human genome … tract.
Not only did we needed a great time to really complete the entire human genome (see other) But in addition, that we learn that there would be 100 times more genes to discover among these bacteria that live within us.
An international project bringing together European and Chinese researchers, published last week in Nature Has addressed this intriguing question and disproportionate. On their 124 volunteers, all Europeans, at least 57 species of bacteria are present in everyone, if we make the addition is at least a thousand different species of bacteria that have been identified among these 124 persons.
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Most of the differences between individuals is not originally in the genes themselves but in regions where we know relatively little.
The key of human individuality even more than in the genes reside in the sequences surrounding them and control them, and that until a few years ago were considered sequences “junk” just because they were not associated with the coding of some proteins. The interaction between these sequences and transcription factors can vary quite significantly from person to person, affecting the appearance, development, and also on the predisposition toward disease: a stability has been a research conducted by biologists at Stanford University School of Medicine and Yale University that illustrate the results obtained in two articles one published online by Nature, And the other on Science Express.
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The genes whose expression is beneficial to males are most disadvantageous to females and vice versa
The genes most useful to the males are the most disadvantageous to females and vice versa. Yet this genetic conflict between the sexes is still very important to maintain a good level of genetic variability within a species. And ‘This is the conclusion reached by a study conducted by a team of researchers at the University of Uppsala, which presents results in Paul’s first signature to an article published in the journal Innocenti Online Public Access PLoS Biology.
Males and females of many species have a very different one from the other, and such differences is believed to have developed during evolution because the two sexes have needs and strategies that do not match.
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Scientists at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) reveal a surprising new role for Notch protein, as opposed to known until today. The Notch protein is located in the membranes of cells and activates a signaling cascade that regulates the expression of genes that will enable the cell to divide, grow, migrate, you specialize or die. The new finding shows that the presence of the Notch protein in the cell membrane is also necessary to inactivate the pathway, in addition to activate it.
Scientists at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), headed by ICREA Researcher Marco Milan, reveal a surprising new role for Notch protein, as opposed to known until today. The Notch protein is located in the membranes of cells and activates a signaling cascade that regulates the expression of genes that will enable the cell to divide, grow, migrate, you specialize or die.
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The diet and aerobic exercise are very effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but does not work in obese people who have developed the disease so young. A study by the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and the Trinity College Dublin shows that young obese diabetics aged between 18 and 25 are mitochondrial proteins and genes function abnormally and these abnormalities are contributing to insulin resistance and a very small response to exercise.
The diet and aerobic exercise are very effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but does not work in obese people who have developed the disease so young. A study by the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and the Trinity College Dublin shows that young obese diabetics aged between 18 and 25 are mitochondrial proteins and genes function abnormally and these abnormalities are contributing to insulin resistance and a very small response to exercise. The magazine Diabetes Care, The American Diabetes Association which gathers the most relevant clinical studies, published the results in the next issue in March. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes worldwide and Europe accounts for nearly 90% of all diabetes cases. In Spain, now affects 6.5% of the population aged 30 and 65 years. In type 2 diabetes do not respond well tissue insulin and the pancreas which produces it, can not generate the abnormal amount demanded by the body. The role of insulin is to help the tissues to absorb glucose in the blood.
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The team of Prof. Denis Duboule of the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) reveals how genes architects have evolved into lizards and snakes, respecting the construction plan.
Among reptiles, it is the squamates, or snakes and lizards, which won the Palme d’Or for diversity, with a range of morphologies surprisingly varied. Understand how the “construction plan” of these animals has evolved to the formation of such different organisms is a challenge just to meet a team led by Denis Duboule, director of the NCCR Frontiers in Genetics. In the magazine Nature of March 4, 2010, the researchers show various tricks used to point (Graphic) during evolution in several groups of architects genes, Hox genes. These govern the organization of body structures during embryonic development.
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Research has enabled the research team understand how they regulate the expression of these genes in space and time, and identify all the genes that are controlled by this barcode.
The genome contains all the information necessary to construct and perform the functions of all
living things (genes). These instructions contained in the chromosomes (DNA) is copied into messenger
molecules (messenger RNA) which, in turn, are translated to produce functional elements of the cells, proteins. However, these instructions are not read them all at once, but each group of genes to be expressed at key moments of the life of an organism and every cell of an organism.
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Thanks to a simple DNA test will soon be possible to identify men with prostate cancer predisposition. At least, I hope the Swedish scientists at the Karolinska Institute have shown that men carrying a combination of known risk genes have a risk of four to five times higher of developing prostate cancer.
A research group at the Karolinska Institute, supported by U.S. researchers has analyzed for the first time the cumulative effect of these
genetic variants. The results show that men carrying four or more risk variants are at risk four to five times higher of developing prostate cancer. The risk increases even more if they have close relatives with this disease.
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