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Due to the effects of climate change, some populations of Fraser River sockeye salmon (southwest of Canada) could disappear by increasing the water temperature that are not used. However, others, like the so-called “superfishes” could be less affected. This was revealed this week in the journal Science Researchers from the University of British Columbia (Canada).
The team of scientists from the University of British Columbia (UBC) studied eight populations of adult sockeye salmon in the Fraser River. The results show that populations with difficult migrations are more athletic, and show a superior swimming ability and specialized cardiac adaptations.
“This is the first large-scale study of wild fish which tries to show how different populations of the same species have adapted to specific conditions of migration. What worries us is that, as climate change alters the conditions of the Fraser River basin, some people will not be able to adapt quickly enough to survive, “says Erika Eliason, senior study author and researcher in the Department of Zoology, UBC.
The study, published in the journal ScienceIs “important” for conservation efforts of the Fraser River sockeye and may report on efforts to conserve fish biodiversity in the basins around the world.
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An international study, with Spanish participation, has shown that the heat wave that hit Europe in the summer of 2010 was warmer and intense than in 2003. Research shows that major heat waves like 2010 could happen again from 2050 and increase its frequency by the end of the century as a result of global warming.
“The analysis, based on future projections of climate change, indicates a continued increase in the likelihood of mega-heat waves in western and eastern Europe along the XXI century”, explains David Barriopedro SINC, one of the authors of the study and researcher at the University of Lisbon (Portugal).
The team of scientists, among them is Ricardo Garcia-Herrera, president of the Spanish Agency of Meteorology (AEMET) described the hydrometeorological situation accompanying the heat wave of 2010 and shows that this wave that affected Europe, and especially to Russia, was warmer and extensive than in 2003.
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Pines, silver fir, oak, juniper and cork oak are the species that will suffer the effects of rising temperatures. Add to that the situation in vertebrates, which will be further reduced its territory at the end of the century. Data were drawn from a study on the effects of climate change on biodiversity presented today in Madrid Spanish.
“Rising temperatures in general and the dryness is a major threat to forest species in Spain”, he told SINC Felicísimo Angel, a researcher at the University of Extremadura and project coordinator of the study of flora Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation of Spanish Biodiversity Response to Climate Change, Presented today at the National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC).
According Felicísimo in the north of the Iberian Peninsula decrease in global precipitation affect forests, which receive between 200 and 300 liters per square meter less than a year. “The rainfall will decrease between 20 and 30% for mid-century,” said the researcher told SINC.
The work, coordinated by the Ministry of Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs (MARM) through the Spanish Office for Climate Change and the Directorate General of the Environment and Forest Policy, by the State Meteorological Agency, analyzed the consequences in the medium and long-term climatic changes on plants, birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Climate Change 300,000 million years ago influenced the forests of the eastern Andes in the Amazon rainforest. According to an international study published today in Science, The temperature would be the main modulator of this vegetation.
“The main finding was the discovery that these forests have remained present during both glacial (cold) and interglacial (warm),” says Macarena L. SINC Cardenas, a researcher at the Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences The Open University, Milton Keynes (UK) and author of the paper published today in Science.
The team of scientists has found that climate change occurred in the Middle Pleistocene as a result of the glacial periods (300,000 to 200,000 years ago) affected the eastern forests of the Andes in the Amazon (Ecuador). “Temperature could be the main factor modulating the Amazonian vegetation, “says Cardenas.
For the study, Researchers analyzed fossil pollen and wood preserved in organic sediments. The presence of traces of conifer (Podocarpus) To 1,000 meters from the surface indicates a cooling of at least 5 degrees during the glaciations and stability in wet conditions.
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UPM participates in a comparative study of adaptation strategies to climate change in six river basins in the world among which we have studied the Guadiana Basin in Spain.
Climate change poses a major challenge for the management of water resources. Traditionally, water planning and water management have been based on consideration of the hydrological system as a relatively stable and static. However, climate change involves changes in the hydrological cycle and increases the level of uncertainty in managing water resources.
Researchers from the Polytechnic University of Madrid, led by Professor Consuelo Varela Ortega, participated in the research project NeWater (New Approaches to Adaptive Water Management under Uncertainty) Of 6 th Framework Programme European Commission, under which we have compared different strategies for adaptation to climate change in six river basins in the world: three in Europe (Guadiana, Elbe and Rhine), two in Africa (Orange and Nile) and one in Asia (Amu Daria).
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The XVI Conference of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 16) in Cancun (Mexico) has taken by surprise, the first binding agreement on Article 6 of the Convention referred to Education, Training and Public Awareness on Climate Change. The Dominican Republic, as coordinator of the G77 + China, has approved this decision to be adopted this afternoon.
On the agenda of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), Article 6 of the Convention was raised so far only informal consultation to draw conclusions. However, the G77 + China (the largest group of negotiations), at the suggestion of the Dominican Republic and supported by Guatemala, proposed the establishment of a Contact Group of Article 6 in order to formulate a proposal for decision to be adopted at COP 16 by the countries.
Under the leadership of the Dominican Republic, the draft decision on Article 6 of the Convention ended up being adopted to youth groups and NGOs were present at the event. “The G77 has done what they said was impossible,” young people have said. This is a decision that will improve education, training, public participation, access to information and international cooperation on climate change.
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The World Bank has submitted a report in today’s climate summit in Cancun (Mexico) showing that the inhabitants of the cities are responsible for at least 80% of all emissions of greenhouse gases and face the impacts of climate change.
The report Cities and Climate Change: an urgent agenda indicates that over 80% of the costs of adaptation to climate change (between 80,000 and 100,000 million dollars per year) will come from urban areas. But climate change offers cities new opportunities to change course, develop new policies and sustainable communities.
“Many cities around the world, including New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo Amman or not wait for the emergence of a comprehensive global treaty on climate, and are taking action against climate change,” said Andrew Steer, Special Envoy Climate Change World Bank.
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Guatemala’s first environmental engineer, the current Minister of Environment and Natural Resources of Honduras, Luis Ferraté, also PhD in geography from the University of Oregon (USA), and geophysics, “do not hesitate to require developed countries to take necessary measures to reduce the effects of climate change impacts that the Central American countries struggling to avoid. In his view, if you like, you can.
What is the situation of Central American countries address climate change?
Under the scientific point of view, the UN has understood that Central America has a system bimaritimo, Atlantic and Pacific. Because we are long and narrow under the influence of Atlantic hurricanes and tropical storms in the Pacific, which is not the case with the islands that are not under a bimaritimo. This makes us extremely vulnerable to extreme weather events. Guatemala is also about three tectonic plates, which generate a belt of 37 volcanoes of which four are active. Creates wealth, but also serious problems of volcanic eruptions.
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Although the oceans are one of the ecosystems are suffering the effects of climate change with an increase of 30% of acidification in the last century by the rising temperatures on the COP 16 there is no room for negotiations on the conservation and management . Scientists at the summit of Mexico show their vulnerability in the hope that one day, presented at the level of forests increasingly protected by international agreements.
Over 50% of the population lives in coastal areas. A total of 183 countries that border the sea and 80% of large cities are port cities. On Dec. 4 various civil society organizations celebrated the Day of the Ocean in Cancun, an initiative with one goal: that the oceans are recognized as ecosystems threatened by climate change impacts to be included in international negotiations.
“The oceans are the limit, are the forgotten in this process. Represent a sector that generates more inconvenience for decision makers. But it is inconceivable that this is so, the oceans are a central issue in climate change, “said SINC Biliana Cicin-Sain, a researcher at the University of Delaware (USA) and member of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and Islands .
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The Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), along with other institutions, today announced the XXIV Antarctic campaign 2010-2011, which he started last on November 10 with the output in Cartagena Oceanographic Research Vessel Las Palmas. The MICINN allocated 3.7 million euros from the National R + D + i for the funding of 16 research projects to be developed in Antarctica.
2010-2011 Antarctic campaign this year will consist of 16 research projects that involve researchers at 53 -48 of them Spanish, and about 20 institutions. The MICINN earmarked for funding 3.7 million euros of the National R + D + i, and has already this year for 5.3 million euros for the Spanish Antarctic facilities. The 2010-2011 Antarctic campaign will have a total funding of nine million euros.
“Of the 16 projects in the 2010-2011 Antarctic campaign, including 13 facilities will be developed entirely in Spanish and the remaining three facilities in other countries,” said Lourdes Armesto, Head of Department of Environment and Natural Resources General Directorate Research Projects MICINN. One of these three projects, which use Spanish-logistics bases will be developed in Chile and Brazil, and the other two will be held at a base in New Zealand.
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