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A new theory opens the door to a possible observation of dark matter.
A unitary explanation of the so-called baryonic asymmetry, namely the imbalance between baryonic matter that has a positive charge and antimatter with negative baryonic charge, and dark matter was proposed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, that illustrate an article on Physical Review Letters (here on the arXiv preprint).
The visible universe is made up of atoms, each of which has a positive baryonic charge equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Since the discovery of antimatter in 1932, however, physicists have questioned why the universe did not have a neutral baryonic charge, which would require just as much antimatter negatively charged matter positively charged. In fact, the asymmetry between particles and antiparticles is one of the puzzles of physics.
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Electrons are negatively charged elementary particles. They form a covering around the nuclei of atoms and ions. This or something similar is what you can read in textbooks. But soon this information may have to be modified. The reason is that many physicists believe that the electrons can have a permanent electric dipole moment. One way to check is now being developed.
Usually creates an electric dipole moment when positive and negative charges are separated spatially. Similar to the north and south poles of a magnet, there are two electric poles. In the case of electrons, the situation is more complicated because in reality they should have no spatial dimension. Despite this, various theories beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics are based on the existence of the dipole moment. These theories in turn would explain, if it is finally shown that some is correct, how could have been created the universe in the way we know it.
According to the most widely accepted theories, about 13,700 million years, the Big Bang created as much matter as antimatter. However, because matter and antimatter annihilate each other, there would be nothing left of any of them. In contrast, the abundance of matter in the universe today, and fleeting existence only in tiny amounts of antimatter in the cosmos today, seem to show that actually created more matter than antimatter. An electric dipole moment of the electron could explain this disparity.
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Scientists at the National Energy Laboratory of Brookhaven in New York (USA) have recreated the highest temperature never reached since the Big Bang, 250,000 times hotter than that recorded in the center of Sun and close to the four trillion degrees centigrade.
To do this, physicists have used the particle accelerator Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), A “brother” or the European Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Inside crashes have occurred gold ions so that have been recreated superheated blast of only milliseconds. ‘The RHIC was designed to create matter at temperatures present in the earliest stages of formation of Universe”, They explained.” This temperature is hot enough to melt protons and neutron”Said the researcher with the center, Steven Vigdor, in a lecture at the American Physical Society in Washington. These particles form the atoms But in turn are made of smaller components called quarks and gluons.
Specifically, scientists look for small irregularities that could explain why matter is formed in the early stages. Also, expect to find more practical applications, such as spintronics, An emerging technology that aims to make computing devices smaller, faster and more powerful.
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The results of research conducted by Hans Lignier and Oliver Morsh CNR-INFM (National Institute for Matter Physics), in collaboration with Alessandro Zenesini and Donatella Ciampini of CNISM (National Interuniversity Consortium for Physical Sciences of Matter) and directed by Ennio Arimondo, University of Pisa, show how to trap and direct the atoms present in a crystal of laser light.
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