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Researchers at the University Pablo de Olavide (UPO) and Seville (U.S.) have found patterns that occur before an earthquake in the Iberian Peninsula. The team used mathematical techniques of grouping (clustering) to predict earthquakes of magnitude when medium or high confluence of circumstances.
“Using mathematical techniques we have found patterns to the occurrence of earthquakes of medium-high, ie above 4.4 on the Richter scale”, tells SINC Francisco Alvarez Martinez, co-author and professor at the UPO.
The research, published this month the journal Expert Systems with Applications, part of the data collected by the National Geographic Institute 4017 earthquakes of magnitudes between 3 and 7 on the Richter scale, occurred in the Iberian Peninsula and its surrounding seas between 1978 and 2007.
The researchers applied mathematical techniques on the records of clustering or grouping, which allows you to find similarities between them and find patterns to help predict an earthquake.
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The PhD in Mathematics Rosa Elvira Lillo Rodriguez (Mérida, 1969) is Professor of Statistics and Operations Research in the Department of Statistics, University Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M). His scientific work in this area focus on estotásticos processes and in particular its application to queuing models, software reliability and Bayesian inference. In addition, research on the topic of classification, stochastic orderings and their applications in reliability theory and survival, among others. And enjoy reporting, as seen in the last week of Researchers Madrid 2010, which coordinated an event entitled: Trivial Statistics.
Where can we find the statistics in our society?
The correct answer to this question is very long because the statistics is present in most of the activities that surround us, even though most people do not realize it. We think that since we got up and turn on the light (energy demand) even in the smallest details of daily life as traffic control, weather forecasting, calls to mobile or sneezing (diffusion process) and statistical techniques have an important role.
For what is meant by statistics?
Statistics is not just the typical figures and illustrations in the news but a science that helps us understand and interpret our environment. To cite some applications, point out that statistics is a key in finance, marketing, medicine, economics, genetics, engineering in all its variations, sociology or politics.
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The UN General Assembly agreed last June to celebrate today the first “World Statistics Day.” The objectives are to “enhance the contribution of the social welfare official statistics” and recognize the importance of indicators to measure countries’ progress, says the Society of Statistics and Operations Research (SEIO).
The statistic has been defined as the practice of torture to confess numbers “by Pere Grima, professor of the Research Group of Applied Statistics from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. The phrase refers to that statistics is an essential tool to analyze and interpret information, looking for regular patterns hidden in vast amounts of data.
In modern science, the technology enables more and collect more data, statistical analysis becomes necessary to draw conclusions. This is what happens in genomics, with an increasing number of sequenced genomes of organisms, in physics and astrophysics, which have increasingly sensitive detectors, or in epidemiological or effectiveness of drugs, among countless examples.
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Mathematicians from the Polytechnic University of Valencia ( UPV) and University of Valencia ( UV ) have studied the effectiveness of the current Spanish anti-smoking law in the coming years . Their mathematical model of differential equations to predict the number of smokers who might be in the Spanish population between 16 and 65 years of age in the coming years. Another finding of this study is that restrictive laws have no effect on the new smoking
To develop this study , researchers from Valencia by four distinct population groups : normal smokers , considered as such for those who smoke less than a pack a day, excessive smoking (more than a pack a day ), former smokers ( smoked , but no longer do so regularly in the past two years ) and non-smokers ( those who have not smoked 100 cigarettes in your entire life.)
According to 2009, excessive and regular smokers accounted for 31’47 % of the Spanish population . For next year , the researchers conclude that maintaining the current scenario , the figure would be about 31.25% . And for the following years, the percentages would be an 31.15 % in 2012 , a 31’08 % in 2013 and 30.99 % in 2014. The study shows that, for each of these years , more than 12 % , between 12.28% and 12.13% – of people would smoke more than a pack of snuff per day.
Meanwhile, according to the results of applying the mathematical model, the rate of non -smokers would increase, albeit very slightly from 50.56 % in 2011 to 50’66 % in 2014 and ex-smokers will also vary from 18 ’19 % to 18’34 %.
To obtain these figures, the team of Rafael Villanueva, a researcher at the Multidisciplinary Institute of Mathematics of the Polytechnic University of Valencia ( IM2 ) and Francisco Jose Santonja and Francisco Guerrero , researchers at the University of Valencia, used a mathematical model in which parameters come into play as the rate of reduction in consumption or the rate of relapse after leaving the smoking habit.
” These parameters become the variables of differential equations , which is extracted a final result as a percentage of smokers and nonsmokers , “said Rafael Villanueva.
To evaluate the usefulness and appropriateness of this model, the investigators contrasted with data already known from 2006 to 2009 . The prediction results were very similar to real data provided by official statistics. “The simulations show how we made initially, and they also reflected the official data , the 2006 law caused a positive effect , in fact about 2 % stopped smoking, but this effect disappeared. We have also seen that the percentage of people starting to smoke is always the same , so such laws does not cause an effect on new smokers , “said Rafael Villanueva.
Now, researchers at the UPV and UV poses a new stage with a more restrictive smoking ban . ” Our findings suggest that the impact will be very similar to the current law . But this is only a guess that we should look and where we are currently working , “says Francisco José Santonja.
For the team, “This study is an example of how mathematical modeling can be useful to know the impact of possible initiatives and laws to reduce the number of smokers in our country and , consequently, for the implementation of strategies and policies prevention . ” Mathematicians will submit this job next week at a conference organized by the Multidisciplinary University Institute of Mathematics of the UPV.
Source: UPV
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There are on average as many primes whose sum of decimal digits is pair as primes for which it is odd . This hypothesis formulated in 1968 has just been demonstrated by researchers from the Institute of mathematics Luminy.
A prime number is an integer greater than or equal to 2 integers whose only divisors are 1 and itself . For example , 2, 3 , 5, 7, 11 ,…, 1789 , … are prime numbers , while 9 is divisible by 3 , is not a prime number.
Many arithmetic problems concerning prime numbers and most of them are unanswered , sometimes for several centuries . For example , we have known since Euclid that the sequence of primes is infinite , but we still do not know if there are infinitely many primes p such that p +2 is also a prime number (the problem of twin primes ) . Similarly we do not know if there are infinitely many primes whose decimal representation does not use the number 7.
Two researchers at the Institute of Mathematics of Luminy ( CNRS / Universite de la Mediterranee ) have made strong inroads into a conjecture formulated in 1968 by the Russian mathematician Alexander Gelfond on the sum of digits of primes . They showed in particular that an average of all prime numbers whose sum of decimal places is that pair of primes for which it is odd .
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Ronald Aylmer Fisher, an English mathematician and biologist considered by the renowned scientist Richard Dawkins as the greatest of the successors of Darwin in 1930 proposed an equation in the field of population genetics shows that the average fitness of a population given to its environment through the game of natural selection , is even faster than the variance of its alleles is high, that is to say that alternative forms of the genes within it are many . In other words, a diverse population from the point of view of its genes will be well equipped to evolve sufficiently quickly to changing environments and thus survive. This equation is known as Fisher and Fisher- Kolgomorov expresses a mathematical relationship sufficiently general to be applied to other fields as genetics.
The American researcher, John Ross of Stanford University in 2005 suggested such an application to chemical kinetics, that is to say, to calculate the speed of chemical reactions . Five years later , the work is done : John Ross and four Spanish colleagues from the Institute of Marine Research ( IIM ) of the CSIC in Vigo and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Complutense University of Madrid have shown such a transferability in a paper published in the journal PNAS . [1] For them , the agreement experiment / modeling is such a bad result and an agreement between the prediction given by the generalized Fisher equation can be a sign of measures too imprecise .
Without transition and to stay in the field of mathematics , we note that the European Mathematical Society has to choose a new president , or rather a Chair: Marta Sanz- Solé , University of Barcelona. This professor , head of research group in stochastic processes , has been elected for four years.
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In the presence of Mr. Petriz , Spanish State Secretary for Research, Mr. Montilla , President of the Generalitat of Catalonia, Mr. Pizza, Italian state secretary for research and Mr. Stancic , Deputy Director General European Commission for ICT , the association PRACE – Partnership for Advanded Computing in Europe , met for the first time in Barcelona on June 9 last . This meeting brought together delegations from 18 countries who unanimously elected for two years , Germany’s Achim Bachem , Chairman of the Board of the Research Centre Julich, as chairman of the new association . The French delegation was led by Ms. Catherine Riviere , President and CEO of GENCI , the Grand National Data- Intensive Facilities .
Established in 2002 by the European Council , the European Strategy Forum for Scientific Infrastructures ( ESFRI ) has established a roadmap for the latest update dated 2008 mentions 44 priority projects which PRACE . At the conference ECRI March 2010 , the sixth conference on European infrastructure , Ms. Garmendia , Spanish Minister for Research and Innovation , presented the priorities of Spain which include PRACE
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Films like The Oxford Murders or A Beautiful Mind have the life of famous mathematicians or constructing an argument with recent demonstrations of theorems. But do we know what motivates a person to dedicate his life to speculation that perhaps never resolved? We talked to Javier Fernandez de Bobadilla, a young researcher of 35 years a year ago was granted help ‘ERC Starting Grant. “
He graduated in mathematics from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), a Ph.D. from the University of Nijmegen (Netherlands) and obtained a position as a scientist at the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (ICMAT), the Superior Council for Scientific Research ( CSIC). His line of work focuses on basic math, specifically the Theory of Singularities.
We received in his office at the Faculty of Mathematics at the UCM, as well as investigating, Bobadilla volunteered to teach a course on race 5. This is her first year as a teacher.
It formed a small group with two postdoctoral research and a PhD student. Also participates in other research team known as ‘Single Group’, of the.
“The Theory of Singularities is a field of study with many aspects. Singularities may occur in both mechanical and differential and algebraic geometry, arithmetic, or any area of mathematics.
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The professors of the University of Cantabria Amparo Gil and Javier Segura have been the only two Spanish researchers have participated in the Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (Digital Library of Mathematical Functions, DLMF.) The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an U.S. subsidiary, has launched this portal is open knowledge that the database functions in the world.
Amparo Gil Gomez is professor in Applied Mathematics at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, and Javier Segura Sala is Professor of Mathematical Analysis in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computing. Both have been involved as acceptors in this collective project that has had researchers from several countries besides the United States and Spain: United Kingdom, Austria, Holland, Germany, Hong Kong, New Zealand …
DLMF The project is the result of over ten years of work involving editors and staff of NIST, an external panel of associate editors and 39 authors and validators. According to teachers explain the UC, “the DLMF is destined to become the successor to the” Handbook of Mathematical Functions “edited by Milton Abramowitz and Irene Stegun, which is one of the most quoted books in the history of mathematics.” First published in 1964, this title is the obligatory reference to consultation of definitions and properties of a large number of standard mathematical functions for use in science and technology.
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The purpose of the paper by the group of Geometry at the University of Murcia was to find out why the helical structures that shape. According to the researchers Manuel Barros Diaz and Angel Ferrandez Izquierdo, the main parameters that are associated with a model of nature can not vary in a continuous manner, but must be discrete multiples of a fixed amount.
To achieve the goal to construct a geometric model that responds, in a real and serious, based on three basic rules: The model should be simple, as in mathematical simplicity is often synonymous with beauty and elegance, the model should be variational , ie when a change in the nature, the amount of action necessary for this should be as small as possible, and, finally, the model must be quantum, since the quantum nature.
Helical forms are very abundant in nature both at the microscopic level (protein chains, the most famous of which form the DNA of the chromosomes of cells, nanotechnology, flagella of bacteria etc.) And macroscopic (vines, animal teeth and horns, conch shells, tornadoes etc.).
On the other hand, the helical shape has been a constant in art in all its manifestations and at any time of Leonardo da Vinci (air propeller), Alfred Hitchcock (in his films Vertigo and Psychosis), Antoni Gaudi (Park Guell and Sagrada Familia), Frank Lloyd (New York Guggenheim Museum, etc.). The helical structures are part of our everyday lives, springs, coils, corkscrews, screws and nuts, spiral staircases, worms notebooks, filament light bulbs.
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