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According to the researchers there are grounds for a diagnosis of simple, accurate and fast for cancer and for the development of personalized therapies
A molecular test for objective diagnosis of cancer was developed by a team led by molecular biologist Graziano Pesole , Institute of biomembrane and bioenergetics of the National Research Council ( Ibbe – CNR ) and the University of Bari Results of the study – which more than IBB -CNR was attended by researchers of the Institute of Biomedical Technologies ( ITB) CNR of Bari, University of Milan and the House for the Relief of Suffering in San Giovanni Rotondo – were published in the journal Molecular Cancer.
During the first phase were analyzed by computer , using special databases , the expression profiles of all human genes in different normal tissues and tumors. ” By ‘ expression profile ‘ means a set of genes actively translated into protein, a sort of fingerprint of the cell that determines the membership cards and, as demonstrated by the study, to distinguish between healthy cells and those victims of pathological degeneration , such as cancer , “says Pesole.
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The result supports the idea that the proteins insecticidal can spread in the environment over long distances , damaging ecosystems
The waterways of Corn Belt the Midwest of the United States receive proteins insecticidal that come from adjacent fields of GM crops due to the runoff of rainwater and the practice of washing of corn, cobs and other waste products of production of this cereal.
This is the result of A study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Signed by Emma Rosi -Marshall , Ecology Cary Institute.
GM plants are now quite common in the Midwestern United States . It is estimated that in 2009 85 percent of the corn produced in the United States was genetically modified to resist both insects and pathogens is exposure to herbicides.
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Ribosomes have long been identified as the true ” protein factories “in the cell , but many questions remain about their own organization . In reaching reproduce in three dimensions inside a human cell cryotomographie untouched by electronics, researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry ( MPIB ) at Martinsried near Munich have shown how ribosomes were organized in the cell. These results with human cells , which had hitherto been obtained only on bacterial cells , are the subject of an article in the journal Molecular Cell 27 August 2010 [1 ].
Ribosomes play a fundamental role in human cells as they synthesize , from the genetic code of DNA, proteins that the body needs. Until then , the technology available did not allow scientists to observe only the isolated ribosomes . However , in human cells , ribosomes are organized most often called “string of ribosomes , also known as polyribosomes or polysomes. The technique used by electronic cryotomographie researchers was developed by the Department of Structural Biology MPIB under the direction of Wolfgang Baumeister [2 ]. The cells are frozen quickly to preserve the cellular structures , and observed by electron microscopy under different angles , and finally reconstruct an image in three dimensions. As for representing the ribosomes in their ” natural environment ” inside the cell, this imaging method provides an overview of the synthesis of proteins and complex cellular structures involved.
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The new knowledge could allow to overcome the difficulties encountered in using these viruses as vectors for gene therapy
After more than a decade of studies , scientists at The Scripps Research Institute have reconstructed the structure of human adenovirus , the largest ever determined with atomic resolution .
The result, described in detail in an article published Science Could lead to new strategies to combat viruses that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections .
“We gained a lot of important knowledge on viruses from the reconstruction of its structure , “said Glen Nemerow , who with his colleague Vijay Reddy directed the study . ” This is very important if you want to re-engineer the virus for gene therapy . ”
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British scientists have deciphered and published nearly a hugely complex genetic information of wheat , which is one of the staple food for one third of humanity . Their work should lead to the development of more durable and more profitable types of cereals , which would help to counter the threat of food shortages in the world.
Wheat was the rice and maize last basic cereals , whose genetic code has not yet been deciphered . The reason is its vast extent - wheat genome is five times bulkier than human . Scientists from Liverpool University, he still managed to read 95 percent .
” The information we obtain will be invaluable in addressing the global food shortage , ” says team leader Neil Hall . Production of wheat in the world now threaten climate change , while necessary, given the growth of the world’s population increases .
Another member of the Liverpool research team , Anthony Hall, quoted some experts forecast that over forty years will be needed to increase food production by 50 percent to meet demand.
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Through a visualization method called 3- D X -ray crystallography , scientists from the University of Pennsylvania (USA ) have created the first picture of genetic processes that occur within each body cell. This historical finding , published today in the journal Nature, is a step forward in future investigations of diseases such as cancer.
After nearly a decade of work , Song Tan and his team are excited to see the intricate interactions between a protein of chromatin and the nucleosome . ” These findings provide the basis for understanding how protein RCC1 ( regulator of chromosome condensation ) and other chromatin enzymes interact with DNA as it is packed in the chromatin in cells , “explains Tan
Using a visualization method called 3- D X -ray crystallography , researchers have created the first image of a protein interacting with the nucleosome DNA tightly wrapped packages that reduce the space organized around a protein core.
The results show that RCC1 binds opposite ends of the nucleosome , similar to the pedals located on the wheel of a tricycle, and provide atomic details of how an enzyme can recognize both DNA and protein components of the nucleosome core . Unexpectedly , the authors obtained also how DNA can be stretched when wrapped in a nucleosome.
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Not without debate , Brazil , countries with strong Catholic tradition, has allowed research on stem cells, while framing it in a rather strict . This research, which are now subject to support from authorities , the institutional and financial results are beginning to get recognized by the scientific community
1 . A recent legal framework governing research on stem cells
1.1. A 2005 law allowing research on embryonic stem cells
The use and research on stem cells is regulated by the Biosafety Law ( Law 11,105 of March 24, 2005 ) . This Act repeals the provisions of the Biosecurity Act 1995 which prohibits research on embryos .
The 2005 law, which also regulates GMOs , allows ” for research and therapy , the use of embryonic stem cells derived from human embryos produced by in vitro fertilization , under certain conditions . These conditions laid down in Article 5 are fulfilled:
- The embryos must be frozen or non – viable for at least three years ,
- Clinics and hospitals must keep a register of all embryos available with their date of freezing ,
- The parents must give their consent .
This text is a brief reference to adult stem cells , on which can be searchable and have applications in the medical field . In addition, the sale of medical equipment thereto is qualified by the law of crime .
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An international team of scientists , with the participation of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÃficas ( CSIC) and the National Center for Cardiovascular Research ( CNIC ) has discovered new information about the p63 gene that can serve as a basis for searching for other genes associated with birth defects whose causes are unknown at this time.
The study was a result of collaboration between scientists Dutchmen , Australian and Spanish , provides new data on the network of genes associated with p63 gene , involved in many processes of embryonic development of vertebrates and, if you have alterations in their function, clinical conditions associated with human birth defects such as limb malformations , cleft lip or skin defects . The study is published in the journal PLoS Genetics.
“The genes are expressed to transform the information coded in nucleic acids (which make up DNA ) in the protein needed for proper development and functioning of the body . Not all genes are expressed at the same time. The genome contains both the instructions on how to build a protein from a gene such as information on where and when it should occur , “said Michael Manzanares, a researcher at the IASB.
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To get more than 30,000 were compared forecasting models compared to the same set of genetic data, clinical and toxicological interest . Among the best, an Italian model
Research on human genome are strongly oriented to provide for the development of possible diseases and to assess in advance the efficiency , even at the individual level , of new drugs. Biotechnology border as the technique of microarray have made possible the simultaneous analysis of thousands of samples, but so far there was an experiment on a massive scale to determine the reliability of estimates derived therefrom, so fundamental to individuals and society .
To address this issue we thought , researchers from the MAQC -II project involving 36 research groups coordinated internationally by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA ) , the U.S. agency of the drug.
The results , published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, are proposed as basic guidelines for pharmacological research and clinical applications.
” During the experiment , independent teams from academic and industrial research were compared on the same genetic data of toxicological and clinical interest . 13 problems were analyzed and developed a total of over 30,000 models for different types of cancer. Researchers have been asked to declare in advance all the calculation techniques for the discovery of candidate genes , only the FDA knew about the clinical value of data validation , “said Caesar Furlanello , head of the group of Italian researchers FBK , formed by Joseph Jurman , Roberto Visintainer Riccadonna and Samantha .
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Mice engineered to overexpress SIRT1 show reduced levels of the peptide associated with plaques typical of AD , while gene silencing them increases
For the first time a research group of MIT has discovered a link between amyloid plaques that form in the brains of those affected by Alzheimer’s disease and identified as a gene implicated in the aging process , SIRT1 .
According to the study , SIRT1 appears to control the production of destructive protein fragments , peptides A- beta. It is also shown as in mice engineered to develop the plaques and symptoms of AD , deficits of learning and memory improved when SIRT1 was overexpressed in the brain and vice versa worsened when the SIRT1 gene was inactivated .
“The results , shown in a the journal Cell, lead us to hypothesize that drugs that activate SIRT1 may represent a promising strategy to combat Alzheimer’s , “said Leonard Guarente , a professor of biology at MIT , who led the research.
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Ribosomes play a fundamental role in human cells as they synthesize , from the genetic code of DNA, proteins that the body needs. Until then , the technology available did not allow scientists to observe only the isolated ribosomes . However , in human cells , ribosomes are organized most often called “string of ribosomes , also known as polyribosomes or polysomes. The technique used by electronic cryotomographie researchers was developed by the Department of Structural Biology MPIB under the direction of Wolfgang Baumeister [2 ]. The cells are frozen quickly to preserve the cellular structures , and observed by electron microscopy under different angles , and finally reconstruct an image in three dimensions. As for representing the ribosomes in their ” natural environment ” inside the cell, this imaging method provides an overview of the synthesis of proteins and complex cellular structures involved.
1 . A recent legal framework governing research on stem cells